Correlation between matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and white matter hyperintensities in patients with cerebral small vessel disease based on cranial magnetic resonance 3D imaging

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) levels and their ratios with the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods This cross-sectional study was done on a prospective cohort of patients with CSVD. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of WMHs were performed using Fazekas grading and lesion prediction algorithm (LPA) methods. Biomarkers MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were measured to explore their correlation with the severity of WMHs. Results The sample consisted of 144 patients with CSVD. There were 63 male and 81 female patients, with an average age of 67.604?±?8.727?years. Among these, 58.33% presented with white matter hyperintensities at Fazekas grading level 1, with an average total template volume of WMHs of 4.305?mL. MMP-2 ( P ?=?0.025), MMP-9 ( P ?=?0.008), TIMP-1 ( P ?=?0.026), and age ( P ?=?0.007) were identified as independent correlates of WMHs based on Fazekas grading. Independent correlates of the total template volume of WMHs included MMP-2 ( P ?=?0.023), TIMP-1 ( P ?=?0.046), age ( P ?=?0.047), systolic blood pressure ( P ?=?0.047), and homocysteine (Hcy) ( P ?=?0.014). In addition, age ( P ?=?0.003; P ?

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