Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of Ganoderma lucidum β-d-glucans with different molecular weight in an ulcerative colitis model

This study systematically investigated the therapeutic effects and the corresponding mechanisms of β-D-glucans from Ganoderma lucidum ( G. lucidum ) with different molecular weights ( M w s) on ulcerative colitis (UC). Results showed that three β- d -glucans (GLPS, GLPN and GLPW) from G. lucidum with different M w s exhibited the significant activities on the reduction of typical symptoms of UC by regulating inflammatory cytokine levels, modulating intestinal immunity, improving intestinal microbiota and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model. Among them, the effects of the microwave assisted degraded fraction (GLPW) mainly containing two fractions with smaller M w (1.33?×?10 4 and 3.51?×?10 3 ?g/mol) on the regulation of inflammatory factors and SCFAs metabolism were found to be comparable to those of GLPN with medium M w (3.49?×?10 4 ?g/mol), and superior to those of GLPS with large M w (2.42?×?10 6 ?g/mol). The effect of GLPW on regulation of intestinal microbiota was even better than that of GLPN. These findings suggested that lowering M w by means of physical degradation could improve the anti-inflammatory activities of G. lucidum β- d -glucans. The analysis of anti-inflammatory mechanism also provided a feasible and theoretical basis for potential use of degraded β- d -glucans in the prevention and treatment of UC.

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